RoQ video encoder

patch by Vitor: \vitor1001 gmail com/
original thread: [FFmpeg-devel] RoQ video encoder (take 3)
date: 06/08/2007 10:34 PM

Originally committed as revision 9420 to svn://svn.ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg/trunk

1 files changed, 1061 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/libavcodec/roqvideoenc.c b/libavcodec/roqvideoenc.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..58371824f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libavcodec/roqvideoenc.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1061 @@
+/*
+ * RoQ Video Encoder.
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 Vitor <vitor1001@gmail.com>
+ * Copyright (C) 2004-2007 Eric Lasota
+ *    Based on RoQ specs (C) 2001 Tim Ferguson
+ *
+ * This file is part of FFmpeg.
+ *
+ * FFmpeg is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * FFmpeg is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ * Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License along with FFmpeg; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @file roqvideoenc.c
+ * Id RoQ encoder by Vitor. Based on the Switchblade3 library and the
+ * Switchblade3 FFmpeg glue by Eric Lasota.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * COSTS:
+ * Level 1:
+ *  SKIP - 2 bits
+ *  MOTION - 2 + 8 bits
+ *  CODEBOOK - 2 + 8 bits
+ *  SUBDIVIDE - 2 + combined subcel cost
+ *
+ * Level 2:
+ *  SKIP - 2 bits
+ *  MOTION - 2 + 8 bits
+ *  CODEBOOK - 2 + 8 bits
+ *  SUBDIVIDE - 2 + 4*8 bits
+ *
+ * Maximum cost: 138 bits per cel
+ *
+ * Proper evaluation requires LCD fraction comparison, which requires
+ * Squared Error (SE) loss * savings increase
+ *
+ * Maximum savings increase: 136 bits
+ * Maximum SE loss without overflow: 31580641
+ * Components in 8x8 supercel: 192
+ * Maximum SE precision per component: 164482
+ *    >65025, so no truncation is needed (phew)
+ */
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "roqvideo.h"
+#include "bytestream.h"
+#include "elbg.h"
+
+#define CHROMA_BIAS 1
+
+/**
+ * Maximum number of generated 4x4 codebooks. Can't be 256 to workaround a
+ * Quake 3 bug.
+ */
+#define MAX_CBS_4x4 255
+
+#define MAX_CBS_2x2 256 ///< Maximum number of 2x2 codebooks.
+
+/* The cast is useful when multiplying it by INT_MAX */
+#define ROQ_LAMBDA_SCALE ((uint64_t) FF_LAMBDA_SCALE)
+
+/* Macroblock support functions */
+static void unpack_roq_cell(roq_cell *cell, uint8_t u[4*3])
+{
+    memcpy(u  , cell->y, 4);
+    memset(u+4, cell->u, 4);
+    memset(u+8, cell->v, 4);
+}
+
+static void unpack_roq_qcell(uint8_t cb2[], roq_qcell *qcell, uint8_t u[4*4*3])
+{
+    int i,cp;
+    static const int offsets[4] = {0, 2, 8, 10};
+
+    for (cp=0; cp<3; cp++)
+        for (i=0; i<4; i++) {
+            u[4*4*cp + offsets[i]  ] = cb2[qcell->idx[i]*2*2*3 + 4*cp  ];
+            u[4*4*cp + offsets[i]+1] = cb2[qcell->idx[i]*2*2*3 + 4*cp+1];
+            u[4*4*cp + offsets[i]+4] = cb2[qcell->idx[i]*2*2*3 + 4*cp+2];
+            u[4*4*cp + offsets[i]+5] = cb2[qcell->idx[i]*2*2*3 + 4*cp+3];
+        }
+}
+
+
+static void enlarge_roq_mb4(uint8_t base[3*16], uint8_t u[3*64])
+{
+    int x,y,cp;
+
+    for(cp=0; cp<3; cp++)
+        for(y=0; y<8; y++)
+            for(x=0; x<8; x++)
+                *u++ = base[(y/2)*4 + (x/2) + 16*cp];
+}
+
+static inline int square(int x)
+{
+    return x*x;
+}
+
+static inline int eval_sse(uint8_t *a, uint8_t *b, int count)
+{
+    int diff=0;
+
+    while(count--)
+        diff += square(*b++ - *a++);
+
+    return diff;
+}
+
+// FIXME Could use DSPContext.sse, but it is not so speed critical (used
+// just for motion estimation).
+static int block_sse(uint8_t **buf1, uint8_t **buf2, int x1, int y1, int x2,
+                     int y2, int stride, int size)
+{
+    int i, k;
+    int sse=0;
+
+    for (k=0; k<3; k++) {
+        int bias = (k ? CHROMA_BIAS : 4);
+        for (i=0; i<size; i++)
+            sse += bias*eval_sse(buf1[k] + (y1+i)*stride + x1,
+                                 buf2[k] + (y2+i)*stride + x2, size);
+    }
+
+    return sse;
+}
+
+static int eval_motion_dist(RoqContext *enc, int x, int y, motion_vect vect,
+                             int size)
+{
+    int mx=vect.d[0];
+    int my=vect.d[1];
+
+    if (mx < -7 || mx > 7)
+        return INT_MAX;
+
+    if (my < -7 || my > 7)
+        return INT_MAX;
+
+    mx += x;
+    my += y;
+
+    if ((unsigned) mx > enc->width-size || (unsigned) my > enc->height-size)
+        return INT_MAX;
+
+    return block_sse(enc->frame_to_enc->data, enc->last_frame->data, x, y,
+                     mx, my, enc->y_stride, size);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Returns distortion between two macroblocks
+ */
+static inline int squared_diff_macroblock(uint8_t a[], uint8_t b[], int size)
+{
+    int cp, sdiff=0;
+
+    for(cp=0;cp<3;cp++) {
+        int bias = (cp ? CHROMA_BIAS : 4);
+        sdiff += bias*eval_sse(a, b, size*size);
+        a += size*size;
+        b += size*size;
+    }
+
+    return sdiff;
+}
+
+typedef struct
+{
+    int eval_dist[4];
+    int best_bit_use;
+    int best_coding;
+
+    int subCels[4];
+    motion_vect motion;
+    int cbEntry;
+} subcel_evaluation_t;
+
+typedef struct
+{
+    int eval_dist[4];
+    int best_coding;
+
+    subcel_evaluation_t subCels[4];
+
+    motion_vect motion;
+    int cbEntry;
+
+    int sourceX, sourceY;
+} cel_evaluation_t;
+
+typedef struct
+{
+    int numCB4;
+    int numCB2;
+    int usedCB2[MAX_CBS_2x2];
+    int usedCB4[MAX_CBS_4x4];
+    uint8_t unpacked_cb2[MAX_CBS_2x2*2*2*3];
+    uint8_t unpacked_cb4[MAX_CBS_4x4*4*4*3];
+    uint8_t unpacked_cb4_enlarged[MAX_CBS_4x4*8*8*3];
+} roq_codebooks_t;
+
+/**
+ * Temporary vars
+ */
+typedef struct
+{
+    cel_evaluation_t *cel_evals;
+
+    int f2i4[MAX_CBS_4x4];
+    int i2f4[MAX_CBS_4x4];
+    int f2i2[MAX_CBS_2x2];
+    int i2f2[MAX_CBS_2x2];
+
+    int mainChunkSize;
+
+    int numCB4;
+    int numCB2;
+
+    roq_codebooks_t codebooks;
+
+    int *closest_cb2;
+    int used_option[4];
+} roq_tempdata_t;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes cel evaluators and sets their source coordinates
+ */
+static void create_cel_evals(RoqContext *enc, roq_tempdata_t *tempData)
+{
+    int n=0, x, y, i;
+
+    tempData->cel_evals = av_malloc(enc->width*enc->height/64 * sizeof(cel_evaluation_t));
+
+    /* Map to the ROQ quadtree order */
+    for (y=0; y<enc->height; y+=16)
+        for (x=0; x<enc->width; x+=16)
+            for(i=0; i<4; i++) {
+                tempData->cel_evals[n  ].sourceX = x + (i&1)*8;
+                tempData->cel_evals[n++].sourceY = y + (i&2)*4;
+            }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get macroblocks from parts of the image
+ */
+static void get_frame_mb(AVFrame *frame, int x, int y, uint8_t mb[], int dim)
+{
+    int i, j, cp;
+    int stride = frame->linesize[0];
+
+    for (cp=0; cp<3; cp++)
+        for (i=0; i<dim; i++)
+            for (j=0; j<dim; j++)
+                *mb++ = frame->data[cp][(y+i)*stride + x + j];
+}
+
+/**
+ * Find the codebook with the lowest distortion from an image
+ */
+static int index_mb(uint8_t cluster[], uint8_t cb[], int numCB,
+                    int *outIndex, int dim)
+{
+    int i, lDiff = INT_MAX, pick=0;
+
+    /* Diff against the others */
+    for (i=0; i<numCB; i++) {
+        int diff = squared_diff_macroblock(cluster, cb + i*dim*dim*3, dim);
+        if (diff < lDiff) {
+            lDiff = diff;
+            pick = i;
+        }
+    }
+
+    *outIndex = pick;
+    return lDiff;
+}
+
+#define EVAL_MOTION(MOTION) \
+    do { \
+        diff = eval_motion_dist(enc, j, i, MOTION, blocksize); \
+            \
+        if (diff < lowestdiff) { \
+            lowestdiff = diff; \
+            bestpick = MOTION; \
+        } \
+    } while(0)
+
+static void motion_search(RoqContext *enc, int blocksize)
+{
+    static const motion_vect offsets[8] = {
+        {{ 0,-1}},
+        {{ 0, 1}},
+        {{-1, 0}},
+        {{ 1, 0}},
+        {{-1, 1}},
+        {{ 1,-1}},
+        {{-1,-1}},
+        {{ 1, 1}},
+    };
+
+    int diff, lowestdiff, oldbest;
+    int off[3];
+    motion_vect bestpick = {{0,0}};
+    int i, j, k, offset;
+
+    motion_vect *last_motion;
+    motion_vect *this_motion;
+    motion_vect vect, vect2;
+
+    int max=(enc->width/blocksize)*enc->height/blocksize;
+
+    if (blocksize == 4) {
+        last_motion = enc->last_motion4;
+        this_motion = enc->this_motion4;
+    } else {
+        last_motion = enc->last_motion8;
+        this_motion = enc->this_motion8;
+    }
+
+    for (i=0; i<enc->height; i+=blocksize)
+        for (j=0; j<enc->width; j+=blocksize) {
+            lowestdiff = eval_motion_dist(enc, j, i, (motion_vect) {{0,0}},
+                                          blocksize);
+            bestpick.d[0] = 0;
+            bestpick.d[1] = 0;
+
+            if (blocksize == 4)
+                EVAL_MOTION(enc->this_motion8[(i/8)*(enc->width/8) + j/8]);
+
+            offset = (i/blocksize)*enc->width/blocksize + j/blocksize;
+            if (offset < max && offset >= 0)
+                EVAL_MOTION(last_motion[offset]);
+
+            offset++;
+            if (offset < max && offset >= 0)
+                EVAL_MOTION(last_motion[offset]);
+
+            offset = (i/blocksize + 1)*enc->width/blocksize + j/blocksize;
+            if (offset < max && offset >= 0)
+                EVAL_MOTION(last_motion[offset]);
+
+            off[0]= (i/blocksize)*enc->width/blocksize + j/blocksize - 1;
+            off[1]= off[0] - enc->width/blocksize + 1;
+            off[2]= off[1] + 1;
+
+            if (i) {
+
+                for(k=0; k<2; k++)
+                    vect.d[k]= mid_pred(this_motion[off[0]].d[k],
+                                        this_motion[off[1]].d[k],
+                                        this_motion[off[2]].d[k]);
+
+                EVAL_MOTION(vect);
+                for(k=0; k<3; k++)
+                    EVAL_MOTION(this_motion[off[k]]);
+            } else if(j)
+                EVAL_MOTION(this_motion[off[0]]);
+
+            vect = bestpick;
+
+            oldbest = -1;
+            while (oldbest != lowestdiff) {
+                oldbest = lowestdiff;
+                for (k=0; k<8; k++) {
+                    vect2 = vect;
+                    vect2.d[0] += offsets[k].d[0];
+                    vect2.d[1] += offsets[k].d[1];
+                    EVAL_MOTION(vect2);
+                }
+                vect = bestpick;
+            }
+            offset = (i/blocksize)*enc->width/blocksize + j/blocksize;
+            this_motion[offset] = bestpick;
+        }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Gets distortion for all options available to a subcel
+ */
+static void gather_data_for_subcel(subcel_evaluation_t *subcel, int x,
+                                   int y, RoqContext *enc, roq_tempdata_t *tempData)
+{
+    uint8_t mb4[4*4*3];
+    uint8_t mb2[2*2*3];
+    int cluster_index;
+    int i, best_dist;
+
+    static const int bitsUsed[4] = {2, 10, 10, 34};
+
+    if (enc->framesSinceKeyframe >= 1) {
+        subcel->motion = enc->this_motion4[y*enc->width/16 + x/4];
+
+        subcel->eval_dist[RoQ_ID_FCC] =
+            eval_motion_dist(enc, x, y,
+                             enc->this_motion4[y*enc->width/16 + x/4], 4);
+    } else
+        subcel->eval_dist[RoQ_ID_FCC] = INT_MAX;
+
+    if (enc->framesSinceKeyframe >= 2)
+        subcel->eval_dist[RoQ_ID_MOT] = block_sse(enc->frame_to_enc->data,
+                                                  enc->current_frame->data, x,
+                                                  y, x, y, enc->y_stride, 4);
+    else
+        subcel->eval_dist[RoQ_ID_MOT] = INT_MAX;
+
+    cluster_index = y*enc->width/16 + x/4;
+
+    get_frame_mb(enc->frame_to_enc, x, y, mb4, 4);
+
+    subcel->eval_dist[RoQ_ID_SLD] = index_mb(mb4,
+                                             tempData->codebooks.unpacked_cb4,
+                                             tempData->codebooks.numCB4,
+                                             &subcel->cbEntry, 4);
+
+    subcel->eval_dist[RoQ_ID_CCC] = 0;
+
+    for(i=0;i<4;i++) {
+        subcel->subCels[i] = tempData->closest_cb2[cluster_index*4+i];
+
+        get_frame_mb(enc->frame_to_enc, x+2*(i&1),
+                     y+(i&2), mb2, 2);
+
+        subcel->eval_dist[RoQ_ID_CCC] +=
+            squared_diff_macroblock(tempData->codebooks.unpacked_cb2 + subcel->subCels[i]*2*2*3, mb2, 2);
+    }
+
+    best_dist = INT_MAX;
+    for (i=0; i<4; i++)
+        if (ROQ_LAMBDA_SCALE*subcel->eval_dist[i] + enc->lambda*bitsUsed[i] <
+            best_dist) {
+            subcel->best_coding = i;
+            subcel->best_bit_use = bitsUsed[i];
+            best_dist = ROQ_LAMBDA_SCALE*subcel->eval_dist[i] +
+                enc->lambda*bitsUsed[i];
+        }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Gets distortion for all options available to a cel
+ */
+static void gather_data_for_cel(cel_evaluation_t *cel, RoqContext *enc,
+                                roq_tempdata_t *tempData)
+{
+    uint8_t mb8[8*8*3];
+    int index = cel->sourceY*enc->width/64 + cel->sourceX/8;
+    int i, j, best_dist, divide_bit_use;
+
+    int bitsUsed[4] = {2, 10, 10, 0};
+
+    if (enc->framesSinceKeyframe >= 1) {
+        cel->motion = enc->this_motion8[index];
+
+        cel->eval_dist[RoQ_ID_FCC] =
+            eval_motion_dist(enc, cel->sourceX, cel->sourceY,
+                             enc->this_motion8[index], 8);
+    } else
+        cel->eval_dist[RoQ_ID_FCC] = INT_MAX;
+
+    if (enc->framesSinceKeyframe >= 2)
+        cel->eval_dist[RoQ_ID_MOT] = block_sse(enc->frame_to_enc->data,
+                                               enc->current_frame->data,
+                                               cel->sourceX, cel->sourceY,
+                                               cel->sourceX, cel->sourceY,
+                                               enc->y_stride, 8);
+    else
+        cel->eval_dist[RoQ_ID_MOT] = INT_MAX;
+
+    get_frame_mb(enc->frame_to_enc, cel->sourceX, cel->sourceY, mb8, 8);
+
+    cel->eval_dist[RoQ_ID_SLD] =
+        index_mb(mb8, tempData->codebooks.unpacked_cb4_enlarged,
+                 tempData->codebooks.numCB4, &cel->cbEntry, 8);
+
+    gather_data_for_subcel(cel->subCels + 0, cel->sourceX+0, cel->sourceY+0, enc, tempData);
+    gather_data_for_subcel(cel->subCels + 1, cel->sourceX+4, cel->sourceY+0, enc, tempData);
+    gather_data_for_subcel(cel->subCels + 2, cel->sourceX+0, cel->sourceY+4, enc, tempData);
+    gather_data_for_subcel(cel->subCels + 3, cel->sourceX+4, cel->sourceY+4, enc, tempData);
+
+    cel->eval_dist[RoQ_ID_CCC] = 0;
+    divide_bit_use = 0;
+    for (i=0; i<4; i++) {
+        cel->eval_dist[RoQ_ID_CCC] +=
+            cel->subCels[i].eval_dist[cel->subCels[i].best_coding];
+        divide_bit_use += cel->subCels[i].best_bit_use;
+    }
+
+    best_dist = INT_MAX;
+    bitsUsed[3] = 2 + divide_bit_use;
+
+    for (i=0; i<4; i++)
+        if (ROQ_LAMBDA_SCALE*cel->eval_dist[i] + enc->lambda*bitsUsed[i] <
+            best_dist) {
+            cel->best_coding = i;
+            best_dist = ROQ_LAMBDA_SCALE*cel->eval_dist[i] +
+                enc->lambda*bitsUsed[i];
+        }
+
+    tempData->used_option[cel->best_coding]++;
+    tempData->mainChunkSize += bitsUsed[cel->best_coding];
+
+    if (cel->best_coding == RoQ_ID_SLD)
+        tempData->codebooks.usedCB4[cel->cbEntry]++;
+
+    if (cel->best_coding == RoQ_ID_CCC)
+        for (i=0; i<4; i++) {
+            if (cel->subCels[i].best_coding == RoQ_ID_SLD)
+                tempData->codebooks.usedCB4[cel->subCels[i].cbEntry]++;
+            else if (cel->subCels[i].best_coding == RoQ_ID_CCC)
+                for (j=0; j<4; j++)
+                    tempData->codebooks.usedCB2[cel->subCels[i].subCels[j]]++;
+        }
+}
+
+static void remap_codebooks(RoqContext *enc, roq_tempdata_t *tempData)
+{
+    int i, j, idx=0;
+
+    /* Make remaps for the final codebook usage */
+    for (i=0; i<MAX_CBS_4x4; i++) {
+        if (tempData->codebooks.usedCB4[i]) {
+            tempData->i2f4[i] = idx;
+            tempData->f2i4[idx] = i;
+            for (j=0; j<4; j++)
+                tempData->codebooks.usedCB2[enc->cb4x4[i].idx[j]]++;
+            idx++;
+        }
+    }
+
+    tempData->numCB4 = idx;
+
+    idx = 0;
+    for (i=0; i<MAX_CBS_2x2; i++) {
+        if (tempData->codebooks.usedCB2[i]) {
+            tempData->i2f2[i] = idx;
+            tempData->f2i2[idx] = i;
+            idx++;
+        }
+    }
+    tempData->numCB2 = idx;
+
+}
+
+/**
+ * Write codebook chunk
+ */
+static void write_codebooks(RoqContext *enc, roq_tempdata_t *tempData)
+{
+    int i, j;
+    uint8_t **outp= &enc->out_buf;
+
+    if (tempData->numCB2) {
+        bytestream_put_le16(outp, RoQ_QUAD_CODEBOOK);
+        bytestream_put_le32(outp, tempData->numCB2*6 + tempData->numCB4*4);
+        bytestream_put_byte(outp, tempData->numCB4);
+        bytestream_put_byte(outp, tempData->numCB2);
+
+        for (i=0; i<tempData->numCB2; i++) {
+            bytestream_put_buffer(outp, enc->cb2x2[tempData->f2i2[i]].y, 4);
+            bytestream_put_byte(outp, enc->cb2x2[tempData->f2i2[i]].u);
+            bytestream_put_byte(outp, enc->cb2x2[tempData->f2i2[i]].v);
+        }
+
+        for (i=0; i<tempData->numCB4; i++)
+            for (j=0; j<4; j++)
+                bytestream_put_byte(outp, tempData->i2f2[enc->cb4x4[tempData->f2i4[i]].idx[j]]);
+
+    }
+}
+
+static inline uint8_t motion_arg(motion_vect mot)
+{
+    uint8_t ax = 8 - ((uint8_t) mot.d[0]);
+    uint8_t ay = 8 - ((uint8_t) mot.d[1]);
+    return ((ax&15)<<4) | (ay&15);
+}
+
+typedef struct
+{
+    int typeSpool;
+    int typeSpoolLength;
+    uint8_t argumentSpool[64];
+    uint8_t *args;
+    uint8_t **pout;
+} CodingSpool;
+
+/* NOTE: Typecodes must be spooled AFTER arguments!! */
+static void write_typecode(CodingSpool *s, uint8_t type)
+{
+    s->typeSpool |= ((type) & 3) << (14 - s->typeSpoolLength);
+    s->typeSpoolLength += 2;
+    if (s->typeSpoolLength == 16) {
+        bytestream_put_le16(s->pout, s->typeSpool);
+        bytestream_put_buffer(s->pout, s->argumentSpool,
+                              s->args - s->argumentSpool);
+        s->typeSpoolLength = 0;
+        s->typeSpool = 0;
+        s->args = s->argumentSpool;
+    }
+}
+
+static void reconstruct_and_encode_image(RoqContext *enc, roq_tempdata_t *tempData, int w, int h, int numBlocks)
+{
+    int i, j, k;
+    int x, y;
+    int subX, subY;
+    int dist=0;
+
+    roq_qcell *qcell;
+    cel_evaluation_t *eval;
+
+    CodingSpool spool;
+
+    spool.typeSpool=0;
+    spool.typeSpoolLength=0;
+    spool.args = spool.argumentSpool;
+    spool.pout = &enc->out_buf;
+
+    if (tempData->used_option[RoQ_ID_CCC]%2)
+        tempData->mainChunkSize+=8; //FIXME
+
+    /* Write the video chunk header */
+    bytestream_put_le16(&enc->out_buf, RoQ_QUAD_VQ);
+    bytestream_put_le32(&enc->out_buf, tempData->mainChunkSize/8);
+    bytestream_put_byte(&enc->out_buf, 0x0);
+    bytestream_put_byte(&enc->out_buf, 0x0);
+
+    for (i=0; i<numBlocks; i++) {
+        eval = tempData->cel_evals + i;
+
+        x = eval->sourceX;
+        y = eval->sourceY;
+        dist += eval->eval_dist[eval->best_coding];
+
+        switch (eval->best_coding) {
+        case RoQ_ID_MOT:
+            write_typecode(&spool, RoQ_ID_MOT);
+            break;
+
+        case RoQ_ID_FCC:
+            bytestream_put_byte(&spool.args, motion_arg(eval->motion));
+
+            write_typecode(&spool, RoQ_ID_FCC);
+            ff_apply_motion_8x8(enc, x, y,
+                                eval->motion.d[0], eval->motion.d[1]);
+            break;
+
+        case RoQ_ID_SLD:
+            bytestream_put_byte(&spool.args, tempData->i2f4[eval->cbEntry]);
+            write_typecode(&spool, RoQ_ID_SLD);
+
+            qcell = enc->cb4x4 + eval->cbEntry;
+            ff_apply_vector_4x4(enc, x  , y  , enc->cb2x2 + qcell->idx[0]);
+            ff_apply_vector_4x4(enc, x+4, y  , enc->cb2x2 + qcell->idx[1]);
+            ff_apply_vector_4x4(enc, x  , y+4, enc->cb2x2 + qcell->idx[2]);
+            ff_apply_vector_4x4(enc, x+4, y+4, enc->cb2x2 + qcell->idx[3]);
+            break;
+
+        case RoQ_ID_CCC:
+            write_typecode(&spool, RoQ_ID_CCC);
+
+            for (j=0; j<4; j++) {
+                subX = x + 4*(j&1);
+                subY = y + 2*(j&2);
+
+                switch(eval->subCels[j].best_coding) {
+                case RoQ_ID_MOT:
+                    break;
+
+                case RoQ_ID_FCC:
+                    bytestream_put_byte(&spool.args,
+                                        motion_arg(eval->subCels[j].motion));
+
+                    ff_apply_motion_4x4(enc, subX, subY,
+                                        eval->subCels[j].motion.d[0],
+                                        eval->subCels[j].motion.d[1]);
+                    break;
+
+                case RoQ_ID_SLD:
+                    bytestream_put_byte(&spool.args,
+                                        tempData->i2f4[eval->subCels[j].cbEntry]);
+
+                    qcell = enc->cb4x4 + eval->subCels[j].cbEntry;
+
+                    ff_apply_vector_2x2(enc, subX  , subY  ,
+                                        enc->cb2x2 + qcell->idx[0]);
+                    ff_apply_vector_2x2(enc, subX+2, subY  ,
+                                        enc->cb2x2 + qcell->idx[1]);
+                    ff_apply_vector_2x2(enc, subX  , subY+2,
+                                        enc->cb2x2 + qcell->idx[2]);
+                    ff_apply_vector_2x2(enc, subX+2, subY+2,
+                                        enc->cb2x2 + qcell->idx[3]);
+                    break;
+
+                case RoQ_ID_CCC:
+                    for (k=0; k<4; k++) {
+                        int cb_idx = eval->subCels[j].subCels[k];
+                        bytestream_put_byte(&spool.args,
+                                            tempData->i2f2[cb_idx]);
+
+                        ff_apply_vector_2x2(enc, subX + 2*(k&1), subY + (k&2),
+                                            enc->cb2x2 + cb_idx);
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+                write_typecode(&spool, eval->subCels[j].best_coding);
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* Flush the remainder of the argument/type spool */
+    while (spool.typeSpoolLength)
+        write_typecode(&spool, 0x0);
+
+#if 0
+    uint8_t *fdata[3] = {enc->frame_to_enc->data[0],
+                           enc->frame_to_enc->data[1],
+                           enc->frame_to_enc->data[2]};
+    uint8_t *cdata[3] = {enc->current_frame->data[0],
+                           enc->current_frame->data[1],
+                           enc->current_frame->data[2]};
+    av_log(enc->avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Expected distortion: %i Actual: %i\n",
+           dist,
+           block_sse(fdata, cdata, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                     enc->y_stride, enc->width));  //WARNING: Square dimensions implied...
+#endif
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Create a single YUV cell from a 2x2 section of the image
+ */
+static inline void frame_block_to_cell(uint8_t *block, uint8_t **data,
+                                       int top, int left, int *stride)
+{
+    int i, j, u=0, v=0;
+
+    for (i=0; i<2; i++)
+        for (j=0; j<2; j++) {
+            int x = (top+i)*stride[0] + left + j;
+            *block++ = data[0][x];
+            u       += data[1][x];
+            v       += data[2][x];
+        }
+
+    *block++ = (u+2)/4;
+    *block++ = (v+2)/4;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Creates YUV clusters for the entire image
+ */
+static void create_clusters(AVFrame *frame, int w, int h, uint8_t *yuvClusters)
+{
+    int i, j, k, l;
+
+    for (i=0; i<h; i+=4)
+        for (j=0; j<w; j+=4) {
+            for (k=0; k < 2; k++)
+                for (l=0; l < 2; l++)
+                    frame_block_to_cell(yuvClusters + (l + 2*k)*6, frame->data,
+                                        i+2*k, j+2*l, frame->linesize);
+            yuvClusters += 24;
+        }
+}
+
+static void generate_codebook(RoqContext *enc, roq_tempdata_t *tempdata,
+                              int *points, int inputCount, roq_cell *results,
+                              int size, int cbsize)
+{
+    int i, j, k;
+    int c_size = size*size/4;
+    int *buf = points;
+    int *codebook = av_malloc(6*c_size*cbsize*sizeof(int));
+    int *closest_cb;
+
+    if (size == 4)
+        closest_cb = av_malloc(6*c_size*inputCount*sizeof(int));
+    else
+        closest_cb = tempdata->closest_cb2;
+
+    ff_init_elbg(points, 6*c_size, inputCount, codebook, cbsize, 1, closest_cb, &enc->randctx);
+    ff_do_elbg(points, 6*c_size, inputCount, codebook, cbsize, 1, closest_cb, &enc->randctx);
+
+    if (size == 4)
+        av_free(closest_cb);
+
+    buf = codebook;
+    for (i=0; i<cbsize; i++)
+        for (k=0; k<c_size; k++) {
+            for(j=0; j<4; j++)
+                results->y[j] = *buf++;
+
+            results->u =    (*buf++ + CHROMA_BIAS/2)/CHROMA_BIAS;
+            results->v =    (*buf++ + CHROMA_BIAS/2)/CHROMA_BIAS;
+            results++;
+        }
+
+    av_free(codebook);
+}
+
+static void generate_new_codebooks(RoqContext *enc, roq_tempdata_t *tempData)
+{
+    int i,j;
+    roq_codebooks_t *codebooks = &tempData->codebooks;
+    int max = enc->width*enc->height/16;
+    uint8_t mb2[3*4];
+    roq_cell *results4 = av_malloc(sizeof(roq_cell)*MAX_CBS_4x4*4);
+    uint8_t *yuvClusters=av_malloc(sizeof(int)*max*6*4);
+    int *points = av_malloc(max*6*4*sizeof(int));
+    int bias;
+
+    /* Subsample YUV data */
+    create_clusters(enc->frame_to_enc, enc->width, enc->height, yuvClusters);
+
+    /* Cast to integer and apply chroma bias */
+    for (i=0; i<max*24; i++) {
+        bias = ((i%6)<4) ? 1 : CHROMA_BIAS;
+        points[i] = bias*yuvClusters[i];
+    }
+
+    /* Create 4x4 codebooks */
+    generate_codebook(enc, tempData, points, max, results4, 4, MAX_CBS_4x4);
+
+    codebooks->numCB4 = MAX_CBS_4x4;
+
+    tempData->closest_cb2 = av_malloc(max*4*sizeof(int));
+
+    /* Create 2x2 codebooks */
+    generate_codebook(enc, tempData, points, max*4, enc->cb2x2, 2, MAX_CBS_2x2);
+
+    codebooks->numCB2 = MAX_CBS_2x2;
+
+    /* Unpack 2x2 codebook clusters */
+    for (i=0; i<codebooks->numCB2; i++)
+        unpack_roq_cell(enc->cb2x2 + i, codebooks->unpacked_cb2 + i*2*2*3);
+
+    /* Index all 4x4 entries to the 2x2 entries, unpack, and enlarge */
+    for (i=0; i<codebooks->numCB4; i++) {
+        for (j=0; j<4; j++) {
+            unpack_roq_cell(&results4[4*i + j], mb2);
+            index_mb(mb2, codebooks->unpacked_cb2, codebooks->numCB2,
+                     &enc->cb4x4[i].idx[j], 2);
+        }
+        unpack_roq_qcell(codebooks->unpacked_cb2, enc->cb4x4 + i,
+                         codebooks->unpacked_cb4 + i*4*4*3);
+        enlarge_roq_mb4(codebooks->unpacked_cb4 + i*4*4*3,
+                        codebooks->unpacked_cb4_enlarged + i*8*8*3);
+    }
+
+    av_free(yuvClusters);
+    av_free(points);
+    av_free(results4);
+}
+
+static void roq_encode_video(RoqContext *enc)
+{
+    roq_tempdata_t tempData;
+    int i;
+
+    memset(&tempData, 0, sizeof(tempData));
+
+    create_cel_evals(enc, &tempData);
+
+    generate_new_codebooks(enc, &tempData);
+
+    if (enc->framesSinceKeyframe >= 1) {
+        motion_search(enc, 8);
+        motion_search(enc, 4);
+    }
+
+ retry_encode:
+    for (i=0; i<enc->width*enc->height/64; i++)
+        gather_data_for_cel(tempData.cel_evals + i, enc, &tempData);
+
+    /* Quake 3 can't handle chunks bigger than 65536 bytes */
+    if (tempData.mainChunkSize/8 > 65536) {
+        enc->lambda *= .8;
+        goto retry_encode;
+    }
+
+    remap_codebooks(enc, &tempData);
+
+    write_codebooks(enc, &tempData);
+
+    reconstruct_and_encode_image(enc, &tempData, enc->width, enc->height,
+                                 enc->width*enc->height/64);
+
+    /* Rotate frame history */
+    FFSWAP(AVFrame *, enc->current_frame, enc->last_frame);
+    FFSWAP(motion_vect *, enc->last_motion4, enc->this_motion4);
+    FFSWAP(motion_vect *, enc->last_motion8, enc->this_motion8);
+
+    av_free(tempData.cel_evals);
+    av_free(tempData.closest_cb2);
+
+    enc->framesSinceKeyframe++;
+}
+
+static int roq_encode_init(AVCodecContext *avctx)
+{
+    RoqContext *enc = avctx->priv_data;
+
+    av_init_random(1, &enc->randctx);
+
+    enc->framesSinceKeyframe = 0;
+    if ((avctx->width & 0xf) || (avctx->height & 0xf)) {
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Dimensions must be divisible by 16\n");
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    if (((avctx->width)&(avctx->width-1))||((avctx->height)&(avctx->height-1)))
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Warning: dimensions not power of two\n");
+
+    if (avcodec_check_dimensions(avctx, avctx->width, avctx->height)) {
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Invalid dimensions (%dx%d)\n",
+               avctx->width, avctx->height);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    enc->width = avctx->width;
+    enc->height = avctx->height;
+
+    enc->framesSinceKeyframe = 0;
+    enc->first_frame = 1;
+
+    enc->last_frame    = &enc->frames[0];
+    enc->current_frame = &enc->frames[1];
+
+    enc->this_motion4 =
+        av_mallocz((enc->width*enc->height/16)*sizeof(motion_vect));
+
+    enc->last_motion4 =
+        av_malloc ((enc->width*enc->height/16)*sizeof(motion_vect));
+
+    enc->this_motion8 =
+        av_mallocz((enc->width*enc->height/64)*sizeof(motion_vect));
+
+    enc->last_motion8 =
+        av_malloc ((enc->width*enc->height/64)*sizeof(motion_vect));
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static void roq_write_video_info_chunk(RoqContext *enc)
+{
+    /* ROQ info chunk */
+    bytestream_put_le16(&enc->out_buf, RoQ_INFO);
+
+    /* Size: 8 bytes */
+    bytestream_put_le32(&enc->out_buf, 8);
+
+    /* Unused argument */
+    bytestream_put_byte(&enc->out_buf, 0x00);
+    bytestream_put_byte(&enc->out_buf, 0x00);
+
+    /* Width */
+    bytestream_put_le16(&enc->out_buf, enc->width);
+
+    /* Height */
+    bytestream_put_le16(&enc->out_buf, enc->height);
+
+    /* Unused in Quake 3, mimics the output of the real encoder */
+    bytestream_put_byte(&enc->out_buf, 0x08);
+    bytestream_put_byte(&enc->out_buf, 0x00);
+    bytestream_put_byte(&enc->out_buf, 0x04);
+    bytestream_put_byte(&enc->out_buf, 0x00);
+}
+
+static int roq_encode_frame(AVCodecContext *avctx, unsigned char *buf, int buf_size, void *data)
+{
+    RoqContext *enc = avctx->priv_data;
+    AVFrame *frame= data;
+    uint8_t *buf_start = buf;
+
+    enc->out_buf = buf;
+    enc->y_stride = frame->linesize[0];
+    enc->c_stride = frame->linesize[1];
+    enc->avctx = avctx;
+
+    enc->frame_to_enc = frame;
+
+    if (frame->quality)
+        enc->lambda = frame->quality - 1;
+    else
+        enc->lambda = 2*ROQ_LAMBDA_SCALE;
+
+    /* 138 bits max per 8x8 block +
+     *     256 codebooks*(6 bytes 2x2 + 4 bytes 4x4) + 8 bytes frame header */
+    if (((enc->width*enc->height/64)*138+7)/8 + 256*(6+4) + 8 > buf_size) {
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "  RoQ: Output buffer too small!\n");
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    /* Check for I frame */
+    if (enc->framesSinceKeyframe == avctx->gop_size)
+        enc->framesSinceKeyframe = 0;
+
+    if (enc->first_frame) {
+        /* Alloc memory for the reconstruction data (we must know the stride
+         for that) */
+        if (avctx->get_buffer(avctx, enc->current_frame) ||
+            avctx->get_buffer(avctx, enc->last_frame)) {
+            av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "  RoQ: get_buffer() failed\n");
+            return -1;
+        }
+
+        /* Before the first video frame, write a "video info" chunk */
+        roq_write_video_info_chunk(enc);
+
+        enc->first_frame = 0;
+    }
+
+    /* Encode the actual frame */
+    roq_encode_video(enc);
+
+    return enc->out_buf - buf_start;
+}
+
+static int roq_encode_end(AVCodecContext *avctx)
+{
+    RoqContext *enc = avctx->priv_data;
+
+    avctx->release_buffer(avctx, enc->last_frame);
+    avctx->release_buffer(avctx, enc->current_frame);
+
+    av_free(enc->this_motion4);
+    av_free(enc->last_motion4);
+    av_free(enc->this_motion8);
+    av_free(enc->last_motion8);
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+AVCodec roq_encoder =
+{
+    "roqvideo",
+    CODEC_TYPE_VIDEO,
+    CODEC_ID_ROQ,
+    sizeof(RoqContext),
+    roq_encode_init,
+    roq_encode_frame,
+    roq_encode_end,
+    .supported_framerates = (AVRational[]){{30,1}, {0,0}},
+    .pix_fmts = (enum PixelFormat[]){PIX_FMT_YUV444P, -1},
+};