# Copyright (C) 2011-2012  Patrick Totzke <patricktotzke@gmail.com>
# This file is released under the GNU GPL, version 3 or a later revision.
# For further details see the COPYING file
from __future__ import absolute_import

import os
import email
import email.charset as charset
from email.header import Header
from email.iterators import typed_subpart_iterator
import email.utils
import tempfile
import re
import logging
import mailcap
from cStringIO import StringIO

from .. import crypto
from .. import helper
from ..errors import GPGProblem
from ..settings.const import settings
from ..helper import string_sanitize
from ..helper import string_decode
from ..helper import parse_mailcap_nametemplate
from ..helper import split_commandstring

charset.add_charset('utf-8', charset.QP, charset.QP, 'utf-8')

X_SIGNATURE_VALID_HEADER = 'X-Alot-OpenPGP-Signature-Valid'
X_SIGNATURE_MESSAGE_HEADER = 'X-Alot-OpenPGP-Signature-Message'


def add_signature_headers(mail, sigs, error_msg):
    '''Add pseudo headers to the mail indicating whether the signature
    verification was successful.

    :param mail: :class:`email.message.Message` the message to entitle
    :param sigs: list of :class:`gpg.results.Signature`
    :param error_msg: `str` containing an error message, the empty
                      string indicating no error
    '''
    sig_from = u''

    if isinstance(error_msg, str):
        error_msg = error_msg.decode('utf-8')

    if not sigs:
        error_msg = error_msg or u'no signature found'
    elif not error_msg:
        try:
            key = crypto.get_key(sigs[0].fpr)
            for uid in key.uids:
                if crypto.check_uid_validity(key, uid.email):
                    sig_from = uid.uid.decode('utf-8')
                    uid_trusted = True
                    break
            else:
                # No trusted uid found, we did not break but drop from the
                # for loop.
                uid_trusted = False
                sig_from = key.uids[0].uid.decode('utf-8')
        except:
            sig_from = sigs[0].fpr.decode('utf-8')
            uid_trusted = False

    if error_msg:
        msg = u'Invalid: {}'.format(error_msg)
    elif uid_trusted:
        msg = u'Valid: {}'.format(sig_from)
    else:
        msg = u'Untrusted: {}'.format(sig_from)

    mail.add_header(X_SIGNATURE_VALID_HEADER, 'False' if error_msg else 'True')
    mail.add_header(X_SIGNATURE_MESSAGE_HEADER, msg)


def get_params(mail, failobj=None, header='content-type', unquote=True):
    '''Get Content-Type parameters as dict.

    RFC 2045 specifies that parameter names are case-insensitive, so
    we normalize them here.

    :param mail: :class:`email.message.Message`
    :param failobj: object to return if no such header is found
    :param header: the header to search for parameters, default
    :param unquote: unquote the values
    :returns: a `dict` containing the parameters
    '''
    failobj = failobj or []
    return {k.lower(): v for k, v in mail.get_params(failobj, header, unquote)}


def message_from_file(handle):
    '''Reads a mail from the given file-like object and returns an email
    object, very much like email.message_from_file. In addition to
    that OpenPGP encrypted data is detected and decrypted. If this
    succeeds, any mime messages found in the recovered plaintext
    message are added to the returned message object.

    :param handle: a file-like object
    :returns: :class:`email.message.Message` possibly augmented with
              decrypted data
    '''
    m = email.message_from_file(handle)

    # make sure noone smuggles a token in (data from m is untrusted)
    del m[X_SIGNATURE_VALID_HEADER]
    del m[X_SIGNATURE_MESSAGE_HEADER]

    p = get_params(m)
    app_pgp_sig = 'application/pgp-signature'
    app_pgp_enc = 'application/pgp-encrypted'

    # handle OpenPGP signed data
    if (m.is_multipart() and
            m.get_content_subtype() == 'signed' and
            p.get('protocol') == app_pgp_sig):
        # RFC 3156 is quite strict:
        # * exactly two messages
        # * the second is of type 'application/pgp-signature'
        # * the second contains the detached signature

        malformed = False
        if len(m.get_payload()) != 2:
            malformed = u'expected exactly two messages, got {0}'.format(
                len(m.get_payload()))
        else:
            ct = m.get_payload(1).get_content_type()
            if ct != app_pgp_sig:
                malformed = u'expected Content-Type: {0}, got: {1}'.format(
                    app_pgp_sig, ct)

        # TODO: RFC 3156 says the alg has to be lower case, but I've
        # seen a message with 'PGP-'. maybe we should be more
        # permissive here, or maybe not, this is crypto stuff...
        if not p.get('micalg', 'nothing').startswith('pgp-'):
            malformed = u'expected micalg=pgp-..., got: {0}'.format(
                p.get('micalg', 'nothing'))

        sigs = []
        if not malformed:
            try:
                sigs = crypto.verify_detached(
                    helper.email_as_string(m.get_payload(0)),
                    m.get_payload(1).get_payload())
            except GPGProblem as e:
                malformed = unicode(e)

        add_signature_headers(m, sigs, malformed)

    # handle OpenPGP encrypted data
    elif (m.is_multipart() and
          m.get_content_subtype() == 'encrypted' and
          p.get('protocol') == app_pgp_enc and
          'Version: 1' in m.get_payload(0).get_payload()):
        # RFC 3156 is quite strict:
        # * exactly two messages
        # * the first is of type 'application/pgp-encrypted'
        # * the first contains 'Version: 1'
        # * the second is of type 'application/octet-stream'
        # * the second contains the encrypted and possibly signed data
        malformed = False

        ct = m.get_payload(0).get_content_type()
        if ct != app_pgp_enc:
            malformed = u'expected Content-Type: {0}, got: {1}'.format(
                app_pgp_enc, ct)

        want = 'application/octet-stream'
        ct = m.get_payload(1).get_content_type()
        if ct != want:
            malformed = u'expected Content-Type: {0}, got: {1}'.format(want,
                                                                       ct)

        if not malformed:
            try:
                sigs, d = crypto.decrypt_verify(m.get_payload(1).get_payload())
            except GPGProblem as e:
                # signature verification failures end up here too if
                # the combined method is used, currently this prevents
                # the interpretation of the recovered plain text
                # mail. maybe that's a feature.
                malformed = unicode(e)
            else:
                # parse decrypted message
                n = message_from_string(d)

                # add the decrypted message to m. note that n contains
                # all the attachments, no need to walk over n here.
                m.attach(n)

                # add any defects found
                m.defects.extend(n.defects)

                # there are two methods for both signed and encrypted
                # data, one is called 'RFC 1847 Encapsulation' by
                # RFC 3156, and one is the 'Combined method'.
                if len(sigs) == 0:
                    # 'RFC 1847 Encapsulation', the signature is a
                    # detached signature found in the recovered mime
                    # message of type multipart/signed.
                    if X_SIGNATURE_VALID_HEADER in n:
                        for k in (X_SIGNATURE_VALID_HEADER,
                                  X_SIGNATURE_MESSAGE_HEADER):
                            m[k] = n[k]
                    else:
                        # an encrypted message without signatures
                        # should arouse some suspicion, better warn
                        # the user
                        add_signature_headers(m, [], 'no signature found')
                else:
                    # 'Combined method', the signatures are returned
                    # by the decrypt_verify function.

                    # note that if we reached this point, we know the
                    # signatures are valid. if they were not valid,
                    # the else block of the current try would not have
                    # been executed
                    add_signature_headers(m, sigs, '')

        if malformed:
            msg = u'Malformed OpenPGP message: {0}'.format(malformed)
            content = email.message_from_string(msg.encode('utf-8'))
            content.set_charset('utf-8')
            m.attach(content)

    return m


def message_from_string(s):
    '''Reads a mail from the given string. This is the equivalent of
    :func:`email.message_from_string` which does nothing but to wrap
    the given string in a StringIO object and to call
    :func:`email.message_from_file`.

    Please refer to the documentation of :func:`message_from_file` for
    details.

    '''
    return message_from_file(StringIO(s))


def extract_headers(mail, headers=None):
    """
    returns subset of this messages headers as human-readable format:
    all header values are decoded, the resulting string has
    one line "KEY: VALUE" for each requested header present in the mail.

    :param mail: the mail to use
    :type mail: :class:`email.Message`
    :param headers: headers to extract
    :type headers: list of str
    """
    headertext = u''
    if headers is None:
        headers = mail.keys()
    for key in headers:
        value = u''
        if key in mail:
            value = decode_header(mail.get(key, ''))
        headertext += '%s: %s\n' % (key, value)
    return headertext


def extract_body(mail, types=None, field_key='copiousoutput'):
    """
    returns a body text string for given mail.
    If types is `None`, `text/*` is used:
    The exact preferred type is specified by the prefer_plaintext config option
    which defaults to text/html.

    :param mail: the mail to use
    :type mail: :class:`email.Message`
    :param types: mime content types to use for body string
    :type types: list of str
    """

    preferred = 'text/plain' if settings.get(
        'prefer_plaintext') else 'text/html'
    has_preferred = False

    # see if the mail has our preferred type
    if types is None:
        has_preferred = list(typed_subpart_iterator(
            mail, *preferred.split('/')))

    body_parts = []
    for part in mail.walk():
        ctype = part.get_content_type()

        if types is not None:
            if ctype not in types:
                continue
        cd = part.get('Content-Disposition', '')
        if cd.startswith('attachment'):
            continue
        # if the mail has our preferred type, we only keep this type
        # note that if types != None, has_preferred always stays False
        if has_preferred and ctype != preferred:
            continue

        enc = part.get_content_charset() or 'ascii'
        raw_payload = part.get_payload(decode=True)
        if ctype == 'text/plain':
            raw_payload = string_decode(raw_payload, enc)
            body_parts.append(string_sanitize(raw_payload))
        else:
            # get mime handler
            _, entry = settings.mailcap_find_match(ctype, key=field_key)
            tempfile_name = None
            stdin = None

            if entry:
                handler_raw_commandstring = entry['view']
                # in case the mailcap defined command contains no '%s',
                # we pipe the files content to the handling command via stdin
                if '%s' in handler_raw_commandstring:
                    # open tempfile, respect mailcaps nametemplate
                    nametemplate = entry.get('nametemplate', '%s')
                    prefix, suffix = parse_mailcap_nametemplate(nametemplate)
                    with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(
                            delete=False, prefix=prefix, suffix=suffix) \
                            as tmpfile:
                        tmpfile.write(raw_payload)
                        tempfile_name = tmpfile.name
                else:
                    stdin = raw_payload

                # read parameter, create handler command
                parms = tuple('='.join(p) for p in part.get_params())

                # create and call external command
                cmd = mailcap.subst(entry['view'], ctype,
                                    filename=tempfile_name, plist=parms)
                logging.debug('command: %s', cmd)
                logging.debug('parms: %s', str(parms))
                cmdlist = split_commandstring(cmd)
                # call handler
                rendered_payload, _, _ = helper.call_cmd(cmdlist, stdin=stdin)

                # remove tempfile
                if tempfile_name:
                    os.unlink(tempfile_name)

                if rendered_payload:  # handler had output
                    body_parts.append(string_sanitize(rendered_payload))
    return u'\n\n'.join(body_parts)


def decode_header(header, normalize=False):
    """
    decode a header value to a unicode string

    values are usually a mixture of different substrings
    encoded in quoted printable using different encodings.
    This turns it into a single unicode string

    :param header: the header value
    :type header: str
    :param normalize: replace trailing spaces after newlines
    :type normalize: bool
    :rtype: unicode
    """

    # If the value isn't ascii as RFC2822 prescribes,
    # we just return the unicode bytestring as is
    value = string_decode(header)  # convert to unicode
    try:
        value = value.encode('ascii')
    except UnicodeEncodeError:
        return value

    # some mailers send out incorrectly escaped headers
    # and double quote the escaped realname part again. remove those
    # RFC: 2047
    regex = r'"(=\?.+?\?.+?\?[^ ?]+\?=)"'
    value = re.sub(regex, r'\1', value)
    logging.debug("unquoted header: |%s|", value)

    # otherwise we interpret RFC2822 encoding escape sequences
    valuelist = email.header.decode_header(value)
    decoded_list = []
    for v, enc in valuelist:
        v = string_decode(v, enc)
        decoded_list.append(string_sanitize(v))
    value = u' '.join(decoded_list)
    if normalize:
        value = re.sub(r'\n\s+', r' ', value)
    return value


def encode_header(key, value):
    """
    encodes a unicode string as a valid header value

    :param key: the header field this value will be stored in
    :type key: str
    :param value: the value to be encoded
    :type value: unicode
    """
    # handle list of "realname <email>" entries separately
    if key.lower() in ['from', 'to', 'cc', 'bcc']:
        rawentries = email.utils.getaddresses([value])
        encodedentries = []
        for name, address in rawentries:
            # try to encode as ascii, if that fails, revert to utf-8
            # name must be a unicode string here
            namepart = Header(name)
            # append address part encoded as ascii
            entry = email.utils.formataddr((namepart.encode(), address))
            encodedentries.append(entry)
        value = Header(', '.join(encodedentries))
    else:
        value = Header(value)
    return value


def is_subdir_of(subpath, superpath):
    # make both absolute
    superpath = os.path.realpath(superpath)
    subpath = os.path.realpath(subpath)

    # return true, if the common prefix of both is equal to directory
    # e.g. /a/b/c/d.rst and directory is /a/b, the common prefix is /a/b
    return os.path.commonprefix([subpath, superpath]) == superpath